ISSN
print 2570-7337
online 2570-7345
Quartz-carbonate veins containing U-Mo-Cu mineralization in the Permian intermediate to basic volcanic rocks of the Hronicum Unit at Kravany (Kozie Chrbty Mts., eastern Slovakia)
Keywords
Abstract
Historical uranium ore deposit Kravany is located in the eastern part of Kozie Chrbty Mts., approximately 9 km SW of the district town Poprad. Stratiform, infiltration U-Cu-Pb mineralization is bound to the Upper Permian clastic sediments (Kravany Beds, member of Malužiná Formation, Hronicum Unit), which are enriched in fragments of carbonized flora. Vein U-Mo-Cu mineralization was found in the Upper Permian intermediate to basic volcanics intersecting the sediments of the Kravany Beds (also ore lenses). Vein filling originated in the following development stages: I.) Quartz-pyrite (quartz, pyrite, marcasite), II.) Dolomite-pyrite (dolomite, pyrite, marcasite, galena), III.) Copper (tetrahedrite, tennantite, chalcopyrite), IV.) Uranium-molybdenum (uraninite, Pb-Mo-S phase, coffinite, quartz), and V.) Calcite (calcite, chalcopyrite). The formation of mineralization can be explained by the geological position: random emplacement of the diorite porphyrite, resp. basalt-andesite dikes, directly in the preexisting U,Mo-bearing sediments. Vein U-Mo-Cu mineralization could thus most likely have formed according to the following scenario: I.) sedimentation of Kravany Beds in the Permian riftogenic basin: formation of beds of arkoses and arkosic sandstones with abundant fragments of charred flora, II.) formation of infiltration U mineralization: reduction and accumulation of U in sediments rich in organic matter, III.) emplacement of dikes of intermediate to basic volcanics: intersection of sediments with organics and with high U and Mo content, mobilization of formation fluids, assimilation of U and Mo into intermediate-basic magma, IV.) cooling of volcanic bodies → their contraction (formation of contraction cracks) → filling of contraction cracks with quartz, carbonates and ore minerals (crystallization from residual magmatic solutions mixed with formation waters). From this point of view it is syngenetic volcanogenic vein U-Mo-Cu mineralization, originally of the Permian age, with subsequent Alpine (most probably Cretaceous) reworking (this is evidenced by the variable composition of uraninite). It belongs to the Neohercynian late- to postorogenic metallogenetic stage. The possible younger, post-Permian age of mineralization from alpine hydrothermal solutions must also be assumed, but this consideration has several inconsistencies.
Files
References
Alexandre P, Kyser TK (2005) Effects of cationic substitutions and alteration in uraninite, and implications for the dating of uranium deposits. Can Mineral 43: 1005-1017. https://doi.org/10.2113/gscanmin.43.3.1005
Biagioni C, George LL, Cook NJ, Makovicky E, Moëlo Y, Pasero M, Sejkora J, Stanley CJ, Welch MD, Bosi F (2020) The tetrahedrite group: Nomenclature and classification. Am Mineral 105: 109-122. https://doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7128
Biely A, Beňuška P, Bezák V, Bujnovský A, Halouzka R, Ivanička J, Kohút M, Klinec A, Lukáčik E, Maglay J, Miko O, Pulec M, Putiš M, Vozár J (1992) Geologická mapa Nízkych Tatier; 1 : 50 000. GÚDŠ, Bratislava
Biely A, Bezák V, Bujnovský A, Vozárová A, Klinec A, Miko O, Halouzka R, Vozár J, Beňuška P, Hanzel V, Kubeš P, Liščák P, Lukáčik E, Maglay J, Molák B, Pulec M, Putiš M, Slavkay M (1997) Vysvetlivky ku geologickej mape Nízkych Tatier; 1: 50 000. 1-232, GÚDŠ, Bratislava
Bin YW, Cai NH, Ren CL, Quiang S, Bo LN (2015) Geochronology, geochemistry and geodynamic implications of the Late Mesozoic rocks in the southern Great Xing An Mountains. J Asian Earth Sci 113: 454-470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.12.002
Breit GN, Hall SM (2011) Deposit model for volcanogenic uranium deposits. U.S. Geological survey, Open-File report. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111255
Castor SB, Henry CD (2000) Geology, geochemistry, and origin of volcanic rock-hosted uranium deposits in northwestern Nevada and southeastern Oregon, USA. Ore Geol Rev 16: 1-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-1368(99)00021-9
Corcoran L, Simonetti A (2020) Geochronology of uraninite revisited. Minerals 2020, 10, 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10030205
Cuney M (2014) Felsic magmatism and uranium deposits. Bul Soc géol France 185: 75-92. https://doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.185.2.75
Dahlkamp FJ (2016) Uranium deposits of the world. Europe. 1-792, Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg
Demko R, Ferenc Š, Biroň A, Novotný L, Bartalský B (2012) The genesis of the Kurišková U-Mo ore deposit. Miner Slov 44: 78
Demko R, Ferenc Š, Novotný L, Bartalský B (2007) Geochemicko-petrografické a mineralogické štúdium U-Mo ložiska Košice I - Jahodná. Zbor konf Geochémia 2007 (Bratislava), 106-108. Vyd Dionýza Štúra
Dostal J, Capedri S, Dupuy C (1976) Uranium and potassium in calc-alkaline volcanic rocks from Sardinia. Lithos 9: 179-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(76)90036-0
Dostal J, Vozár J, Keppie JD, Hovorka D (2003) Permian volcanism in the Central Western Carpathians (Slovakia): Basin-and-range type rifting in the southern Laurussian margin. Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch) 92: 27-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00531-002-0307-6
EarthChem. Prístup 24. 9. 2020 na adrese http://earthchem.org/data/access
Ferenc Š (2002) Uranium mineralization in the Permian volcanic rocks at the Kravany, Kozie chrbty Mts., Western Carpathians, Slovac Republic - preliminary results. Proceedings from conference: Uranium Deposits: From their genesis to their environmental aspects, 49-52. Publishing house of Czech Geol Surv, Prague
Ferenc Š, Kuruc P (2015) Bane Sv. Alžbety - historický výskyt medených rúd pri Kravanoch (Spiš). Montanrevue 8(4): 6-7
Ferenc Š, Rojkovič I (2001) Copper mineralization in the Permian basalts of the Hronicum Unit, Slovakia. Geolines 13: 22-27
Ferenc Š, Rojkovič I, Maťo Ľ (2003) Uranylové minerály Západných Karpát. Zbor konf Mineralogie Českého masivu a Západních Karpat, 17-23. Univerzita Palackého Olomouc
Finch RJ, Ewing RC (1992) The corrosion of uraninite under oxidizing conditions. J Nuclear Mater 190: 133-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(92)90083-w
Fusán O, Bystrický J, Franko O, Chmelík F, Ilavský J, Kamenický L, Kullman E, Lukniš M, Matějka A (1963) Vysvetlivky ku geologickej mape ČSSR (1 : 200 000), list Vysoké Tatry. 1-215, Geofond, Bratislava
Georoc. Prístup 24. 9. 2020 na adrese http://georoc.mpch-mainz.gwdg.de/georoc/Start.asp
Goodel PC (1985) Classification and model of uranium deposit in volcanic environments. Proceedings of a Technical comitee Meeting (El Paso, Texas), 1-16. IAEA Wienna
Grandstaff DE (1976) A kinetic study of the dissolution of uraninite. Econ Geol 71: 1493-1506. https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.71.8.1493
Janeczek J, Ewing RC (1992) Dissolution and alteration of uraninite under reducing conditions. J Nuclear Mater 190: 157-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(92)90084-x
Koděra M (1974) Mineralógia rádioaktívnych minerálov a ich vzťahy k polymetalickej mineralizácii v stredoslovenských neovulkanitoch. MS, archív ŠGÚDŠ (Geofond) Eč. 57411
Kotzer TG, Kyser TK (1993) O, U, and Pb isotopic and chemical variations in uraninite: implications for determining the temporal and fluid history of ancient terrains. Am Mineral 78: 1262-1274
Lexa J, Bačo P, Hurai V, Chovan M, Koděra P, Petro M, Rojkovič I, Tréger M (2007) Vysvetlivky k metalogenetickej mape Slovenskej Republiky. M 1 : 500 000. 1-178, ŠGÚDŠ, Bratislava
Maglay J, Halouzka R, Baňacký V, Pristaš J, Janočko J (1999) Neotektonická mapa Slovenska, 1 : 500 000. ŠGÚDŠ Bratislava
Makarov EC (1963) Geochimija urana v magmatičeskom procese. In Vinogradov AP (ed.) Osnovnye čerty geochimii urana 46-69. AN SSSR Moskva
Montel JM, Foret S, Veschambre M, Nicollet C, Provost A (1996) Electron microprobe dating of monazite. Chem Geol 131: 37-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(96)00024-1
Nash JT (2010) Volcanic uranium deposits - geology, geochemical processes, and criteria for resource assessment. U.S. Geological survey, Open-File report. https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101001
Novotný L, Badár J (1971) Stratigrafia, sedimentológia a zrudnenie mladšieho paleozoika severovýchodnej časti Nízkych Tatier. Miner Slov 3: 23-36
Olšavský M, Ferenc Š (2002) Character of Permian volcanosedimentary sequences (Malužiná Formation) of the Hronicum Unit at the NE part of Nízke Tatry Mts. Geol. Carpath., special issue, 53 (only on CD-ROM, 2002), Proceedings of the XVII Congress of Carpathian-Balkan Association, Bratislava, 53/part 0
Rojkovič I (1973) Mineralogicko-geochemická charakteristika uranovej mineralizácie v perme chočskej jednotky v oblasti Vikartovského chrbta. MS, archív ŠGÚDŠ - Geofond Bratislava Eč. 31507
Rojkovič I (1974) Mineralogija uranovogo orudenenija v permi chočskoj tektoničeskoj edinicy v oblasti Vikartovskogo chrebta. Geol Zbor Geol Carpath 25: 65-76
Rojkovič I (1975) Geochemical characterization of U-Cu-Pb mineralization in the Permian of the Choč Nappe in the Vikartovský Chrbát area (Western Carpathians). Geol Zbor Geol Carpath 26: 105-114
Rojkovič I (1990) Ore bearing Permian volcanism in the Western Carpathians. Acta Geol Geogr Univ Comen 45: 71-88
Rojkovič I (1996) U-Mo-Cu mineralizácia pri Matejovciach nad Hornádom. Miner Slov 28: 491-500
Rojkovič I (1997) Uranium mineralization in Slovakia. 1-117, Comenius University, Bratislava
Rojkovič I, Franců J, Čáslavský J (1992) Association of organic matter with uranium mineralization in the Permian sandstones of the Western Carpathians. Geol Carpath 43: 27-34
Šucha V, Eberl DD (1992) Postsedimentárna premena sedimentov permu severného gemerika a hronika Západných Karpát. Miner Slov 24: 399-405
Timón-Sánchez SM, López-Moro FJ, Romer Elrhede D, Fernández-Fernández A, Moro-Benito C (2019) Late-Variscan multistage hydrothermal processes unveiled by chemical ages coupled with compositional and textural uraninite variations in W-Au deposits in the western Spanish Central System Batolith. Geol Acta 17, 1: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1344/geologicaacta2019.17.1
Tulis J, Novotný L (1998): Zhodnotenie geologických prác na U rudy v mladšom paleozoiku hronika v severnej časti Nízkych Tatier a Kozích chrbtov. MS, archív ŠGÚDŠ - Geofond Bratislava Eč. 82752
Turekian KK, Wedepohl KH (1961) Distribution of the elements in some major units of the Earth‘s crust. Geol Soc Amer Bull 72: 175-192. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[175:doteis]2.0.co;2
Veselý Z, Badár J (1984) Malá uranová ložiska v Západních Karpatech. Geol Hydrometal Uran 8: 3-36
Vozár J (1977) Magmatické horniny tholeitickej série v perme chočského príkrovu Západných Karpát. Miner Slov 9: 241-258
Vozár J, Spišiak J, Vozárová A, Bazarnik J, Kráľ J (2015) Geochemistry and Sr, Nd isotopic composition of the Hronic Upper Paleozoic basic rocks (Western Carpathians, Slovakia). Geol Carpath 66: 3-17. https://doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2015-0007
Vozárová A, Vozár J (1988) Late Paleozoic in West Carpathians. 1-314, Geol Inst of D. Štúr, Bratislava
Wang F, Xu WL, Xing KC, Tang J, Wang ZW, Sun CY, Wu W (2019) Temporal changes in the subduction of the Paleo-Pacific plate benaeth Eurasia during the Late Mesozoic: Geochronological and geochemical evidence from Cretaceous volcanic rocks in eastern China. Lithos 326-327: 415-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2018.12.035
Yuan F, Jiang SY, Liu J, Zhang S, Xiao Z, Liu G, Hu X (2019) Geochronology and geochemistry of uraninite and coffinite: Insights into ore forming process in the pegmatite-hosted uraniferous province, North Qinling, Central China. Minerals 2019, 9, 552. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9090552